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Das ideale Fermigas
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== Spezifische Wärme == :<math>\begin{align} & {{C}_{V}}={{\left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial T} \right)}_{V}}=\frac{{{\pi }^{2}}}{2}\bar{N}k\left( \frac{kT}{{{E}_{F}}} \right) \\ & {{c}_{V}}=\frac{{{\pi }^{2}}}{2}R\left( \frac{kT}{{{E}_{F}}} \right)\tilde{\ }T \\ \end{align}</math> Die Wärmekapazität ist sage und schreibe um den Faktor <math>\left( \frac{kT}{{{E}_{F}}} \right)</math> kleiner als bei idealen gasen. Bei T ~ 300 K ist dies 1/ 40! ideales Gas: :<math>{{c}_{V}}=\frac{3}{2}R</math> Physikalsicher Grund: Nur die Teilchen in der " Aufweichungszone" :<math>{{E}_{F}}-kT<E<{{E}_{F}}+kT</math> tragen zur spezifischen Wärme bei, da nur sie in freie Zustände thermisch angeregt werden könen : Zahl: :<math>\Delta N\tilde{\ }\bar{N}\frac{kT}{{{E}_{F}}}</math> jedes hat Energie ~ kT :<math>\begin{align} & \Rightarrow \Delta U\tilde{\ }\bar{N}\frac{{{\left( kT \right)}^{2}}}{{{E}_{F}}} \\ & \Rightarrow {{C}_{v}}\tilde{\ }\bar{N}k\frac{\left( kT \right)}{{{E}_{F}}} \\ \end{align}</math> <u>Beispiele für entartete Fermigase</u> * Elektronen in Metallen → hohe Dichten! * Elektronen in Halbleitern, bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen oder hoher Dotierung!
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