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Verallgemeinerte kanonische Verteilung
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== Informationstheoretisches Prinzip== (nach (Jaynes 1922-1998)) Suche die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung, die unter der Erfüllung aller bekannten Angaben als Nebenbedingung die '''minimale Information''' enthält: Also: <math>I(P)=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}{{}}{{P}_{i}}\ln {{P}_{i}}=!=Minimum</math> Nebenbed.: :<math>\begin{align} & \sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}{{}}{{P}_{i}}=1 \\ & \left\langle {{M}^{n}} \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}{{}}{{P}_{i}}{{M}_{i}}^{n} \\ & n=1,...,m \\ \end{align}</math> <u>Variation</u>: <math>\delta I=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}{{}}\left( \ln {{P}_{i}}+1 \right)\delta {{P}_{i}}</math> Es gilt: von den N Variationen <math>\delta {{P}_{i}}</math> sind nur N-m-1 unabhängig voneinander! :<math>\sum\limits_{i}^{{}}{{}}\delta {{P}_{i}}=0</math> Lagrange- Multiplikator <math>\lambda =-\left( \Psi +1 \right)</math> :<math>\sum\limits_{i}^{{}}{{}}{{M}_{i}}^{n}\delta {{P}_{i}}=0</math> Lagrange- Multiplikator <math>{{\lambda }_{n}}</math> <u>Anleitung</u>: Wähle <math>\Psi ,{{\lambda }_{n}}</math> so, dass die Koeffizienten von <math>\left( m+1 \right)\delta {{P}_{i}}</math>´s verschwinden, die übrigen N-(m+1) sind dann frei variierbar! Somit: :<math>\Rightarrow \delta I=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}{{}}\left( \ln {{P}_{i}}-\Psi +{{\lambda }_{n}}{{M}_{i}}^{n} \right)\delta {{P}_{i}}=!=0</math> Vorsicht: Auch Summe über <math>\nu</math> (Einsteinsche Summenkonvention!) {{Def|:<math>\Rightarrow {{P}_{i}}=\exp \left( \Psi -{{\lambda }_{n}}{{M}_{i}}^{n} \right)</math> '''verallgemeinerte kanonische Verteilung'''|verallgemeinerte kanonische Verteilung}} Die Lagrange- Multiplikatoren <math>\Psi ,{{\lambda }_{n}}</math> sind dann durch die m+1 Nebenbedingungen eindeutig bestimmt! ===Kontinuierliche Ereignismenge=== :<math>I(\rho )=\int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{d}}x\rho (x)\ln \rho (x)}=!=Minimum</math> unter der Nebenbedingung :<math>\begin{align} & \int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{d}}x\rho (x)}=1 \\ & \int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{d}}x\rho (x)}{{M}^{n}}(x)=\left\langle {{M}^{n}} \right\rangle \\ & n=1,...,m \\ \end{align}</math> Durchführung einer Funktionalvariation: :<math>\delta \rho (x)</math> :<math>\begin{align} & \delta I(\rho )=\int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{d}}x\left( \ln \rho (x)+1 \right)\delta \rho (x)}=0 \\ & \Rightarrow \int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{d}}x\delta \rho (x)}=0 \\ & \int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{d}}x{{M}^{n}}(x)\delta \rho (x)}=0 \\ & \Rightarrow \int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{d}}x\left( \ln \rho -\Psi +{{\lambda }_{n}}{{M}^{n}} \right)\delta \rho (x)}=0 \\ & \Rightarrow \rho (x)=\exp (\Psi -{{\lambda }_{n}}{{M}^{n}}) \\ \end{align}</math> '''Vergleiche: A. Katz, Principles of Statistial Mechanics''' {{AnMS|Siehe auch {{Quelle|St7B|5.4.13|Kap 5.4.3 S46}}}}
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