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Drehimpulsdarstellung und Streuphasen
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== Einlaufende ebene Welle == :<math>{{\Psi }_{e}}(\bar{r})={{e}^{i\bar{k}\bar{r}}}={{e}^{ikr\cos \vartheta }}=\sum\limits_{l=0}^{\infty }{{}}\frac{1}{r}{{u}_{l}}(r){{P}_{l}}(\cos \vartheta )</math> Die einlaufende Welle ist also ein Legendre- Polynom vom Grad l Es gilt die Orthogonalität: <math>\int_{-1}^{1}{d\xi }{{P}_{l}}(\xi ){{P}_{l\acute{\ }}}(\xi )=\frac{2}{2l+1}{{\delta }_{ll\acute{\ }}}</math> Dabei taucht der Entartungsgrad <math>2l+1</math> als inverser Normierungsfaktor auf. (Der Betrag der Legendre- Polynome ist also indirekt proportional zum Entartungsgrad!) Aus der Orthogonalitätsrelation erhält man mit Multiplikation mit <math>{{P}_{l\acute{\ }}}(\cos \vartheta )</math> und Integration <math>d\xi </math> dass: :<math>\begin{align} & \frac{2l\acute{\ }+1}{2}\int_{-1}^{1}{d\xi }{{e}^{ikr\xi }}{{P}_{l\acute{\ }}}(\xi )=\frac{1}{r}{{u}_{l\acute{\ }}}(r) \\ & {{e}^{ikr\xi }}:=u\acute{\ } \\ & {{P}_{l\acute{\ }}}(\xi ):=v \\ \end{align}</math> im asymptotischen Verhalten <math>r\to \infty </math> gewinnt man (Striche eingespart) durch Wiederholtes Anwenden der partiellen Integration: :<math>\frac{1}{r}{{u}_{l}}(r)=\frac{2l+1}{2}\left\{ \frac{1}{ikr}\left[ {{e}^{ikr\xi }}{{P}_{l}}(\xi ) \right]_{-1}^{+1}-\frac{1}{{{\left( ikr \right)}^{2}}}\left[ {{e}^{ikr\xi }}{{P}_{l}}\acute{\ }(\xi ) \right]_{-1}^{+1}+\frac{1}{{{\left( ikr \right)}^{3}}}\left[ {{e}^{ikr\xi }}{{P}_{l}}\acute{\ }\acute{\ }(\xi ) \right]_{-1}^{+1}+... \right\}</math> Mit :<math>\begin{align} & {{P}_{l}}(1)=1 \\ & {{P}_{l}}(-1)={{(-1)}^{l}} \\ \end{align}</math> :<math>\begin{align} & \begin{matrix} \lim \\ r\to \infty \\ \end{matrix}\frac{1}{r}{{u}_{l}}(r)=\frac{2l+1}{2}\frac{1}{ikr}\left\{ {{e}^{ikr}}-{{(-1)}^{l}}{{e}^{-ikr}} \right\}=\frac{2l+1}{2}\frac{1}{ikr}{{i}^{l}}\left\{ {{e}^{i\left( kr-l\frac{\pi }{2} \right)}}-{{e}^{-i\left( kr-l\frac{\pi }{2} \right)}} \right\} \\ & \Rightarrow \begin{matrix} \lim \\ r\to \infty \\ \end{matrix}\frac{1}{r}{{u}_{l}}(r)=\left( 2l+1 \right)\frac{{{i}^{l}}}{kr}\sin \left( kr-l\frac{\pi }{2} \right) \\ \end{align}</math>
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